Introduction to Structural Design

WEST POINT BRIDGE: 

How do we design the best bridge? Let's go on an Information Hunt, looking for clues.

Find the words and definitions in West Point Bridge Design HELP and fill in the blanks below.

1.      Click on HELP. Then select Help Topics.

2.      You can type the word you’re looking for, or scroll down.  Once you see the word, double click on the word you want to look up.

A.     Materials:

1.      Look up materials.  List the 3 different types of materials

2.      Scroll down to Notes and Tips. Read the section.

         List strength and expense for each type of material.

3.     

	Type of material	Strength (weak to strong)	Cost (least to most)
1.	Carbon Steel	Average
2.	High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel	Strong
3.	Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Steel	Strongest

B.     Cross-Sections

1. Go back to Index. Look up cross-section.  Choose Cross-Section from menu.  List the 2 different types of cross sections.
2. Go back to Index. Look up cross-section.  Choose the line that names the 2 cross section types. from the menu.
3. Look for the boxes that describe when it is most economical to use each type of cross section.

Type of cross section	Better to use for: (tension or compression)	Shown as what color (blue or red)
Solid	Tension	Blue
Hallow	Compression	Red

C.     Engineering Design Process: What are the steps?

1. Go back to Index. Look up engineering design process.  Choose The Engineering Design Process from the menu.
2. List the 7 steps.

1.      ____Identify the problem____________________

2.      ____define the problem____________________

3.      ___develop alternative solution_____________________

4.      ___Analyze and compare alternative solutions_____________________

5.      _select the best alternative_______________________

6.      __implement the solution______________________

7.      __evaluate the result______________________

How do we optimize our bridge design?

Let's go on an Information Hunt, looking for clues.

A.                  Find the How to Design a Bridge page from the help index.  What is the objective?

To satisfy all of the specifications.

B.                  Go to each step of the Design Process flowchart.  Read about the step, especially the Notes & Tips section.  Enter one important fact from each step.

¨     Select a Site Configuration

¨     Decide on a Truss Configuration

¨     Draw Joints

¨     Draw Members

¨     Load Test Your Design

¨     Strengthen All Unsafe Members

¨     Optimize the Member Properties

¨     Optimize the Shape of the Truss

¨     Find the Optimum Truss Configuration

¨     Find the Optimum Site Configuration

¨     Choose the Optimum Design

¨     Record Your Design

Career 1.2.1

1. What is your age?

28

2. Where do you live?

Jamestown, Colorado

3. What do you like to do outside of work?

Landscapeing, wakeboarding, wakeboarding terniments, boating, being on the water, snowboarding, traveling.

4. What is your job title?

Landscape Engineer

5. When and why did you choose your career path?

I chose it in college because I love working with my hands and love being out side.

6. What is the name of your company or employer?

One Earth Landscape

7. Describe your primary duties and skills. [Cite your source(s)]

I decide where to put flowers, trees, walkways, and other landscape details. I also draw what I want the landscape to look like. I use a lot of computer animatide models for the costomer. I use my skills and experience to make the perfect backyard landscape. My source: http://www.bls.gov/k12/nature02.htm

8. Describe your physical work environment.

I spend a lot of the time in the office drawing up the next job but I also spend time out at the job site.

9. What is your favorite part of your job?

My favorite part is when I’m done drawing it up and I’m done putting every thing together I can see some amazeing thing I created.

10. What is your salary? [Cite your source(s)]

$45,000-$55,000

Source: http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos039.htm

11. Which accredited school did you first attend, and what was your degree? [Cite your source(s)]

I went to Purdue University I got a Bachelor of science degree in Landscape Architecture.

Source: http://www.ag.purdue.edu/hla/LA/Pages/LAUGProgram.aspx

12. Describe in detail three of the courses that you took which are closely related to your current career. [Cite your source(s)]

LA 11600 - Graphic Communication For Students Of Landscape Architects And Design:                           Credit Hours: 3.00. Introduction to design and presentation techniques fundamental to landscape architecture. Short projects give students exposure to a variety of presentation materials (pencil, ink, pastel, watercolor and acrylic, paper and board) to freehand lettering, and to two- and three-dimensional illustrations. Materials used are purchased by the student. Typically offered Fall.

LA 22700 - Planting Design I: Credit Hours: 3.00. Review of design principles as related to plant design characteristics; design implications of plant responses to environment; review of landscape plants in fall. Typically offered Fall.

LA 24600 - Site Systems I: Credit Hours: 4.00. Properties of hardscape materials, their methods of detailing and specification. Introduction to masonry, wood and site furnishings. Design of pavements, walls, steps, ramps and other common site elements. Standards and methods of detailing and notation are presented in small-format exercises. Typically offered Fall.

Source: http://www.ag.purdue.edu/HLA/LA/Pages/LACourses.aspx

13. Describe the two courses that you considered most challenging. [Cite your source(s) and include a course listing from the appropriate degree program]

These two courses seemed to be the most challenging to me:

LA 49000 - Special Problems In Landscape Architecture: Credit Hours: 1.00 to 6.00. Independent in-depth study and presentation of specific research or design problems selected by the student in consultation with the instructor. Open only to advanced students.

LA 17600 - Urbanization And Change In The Midwest Landscape: Credit Hours: 2.00. This course traces the evolution and meaning of the human-made midwest environment from the retreat of the Wisconsin glacier to the present. The course intertwines economic, cultural, historical, political, technological, anthropological, and social data to develop a working model of change in the midwestern environment. Typically offered Spring.

Sources: http://www.ag.purdue.edu/HLA/LA/Pages/LACourses.aspx

14. What resources did your school have available to help you get through the most difficult courses? [Cite your source(s)]

Student Services in Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

Source: http://www.ag.purdue.edu/hla/Pages/StudentServices.aspx

15. Regarding the two most challenging courses, how did you persevere?

I put my noise to the grind stone and studied every night to make sure I was going to pass with a good grade.

16. From what school(s) did you receive graduate degrees? [Cite your source(s)]

I got my degree at Perdue University

Source: http://www.ag.purdue.edu/hla/LA/Pages/LAUGProgram.aspx

17. What was the title or titles of the degree(s)? [Cite your source(s)]

Landscape Arcitecher

18. What licenses do you have and what were the exams required to receive those licenses? [Cite your source(s)]

All I had to do was to pass the architect exam.

19. How would your clients and co-workers describe you?

Hard working and determined.

20. What do you hope to accomplish at the conclusion of your career?

I hope I have inspired the youth of America and I also hope to have a nice big retirement fund.

21. Why should a high school student consider a career in your field? What important contribution(s) can they make?

You get a awsome tan and you get to work with your hands and you get to see the finished product. They can keep the houseing butiful on the outside and the world around them.

Conclusion

1. You described a career related to civil engineering and/or architecture. Is this the career field that you are currently most interested in at this stage in your life?

No

2. Rank and describe the three most important characteristics that you value in choosing a post-secondary school.

The degrees offered along with the recognition and being able to shrapen my knloedge of Landscape Architecture.

3. Rank the following in the order of importance to you regarding a career: job satisfaction; salary; making a difference; level of responsibility; titles; benefits; hours; co-workers; supervisors. How will a career in civil engineering or architecture satisfy the factor that you ranked highest?

job satisfaction, salary, hours If i love doing what i do then i will do better all around.

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Bungalow architecture

Activity 1.1.1 History of Civil Engineering and Architecture

1.     Define civil engineering.

Civil engineering is field of engineering sciences, related to design, construction and maintenance of buildings, dams, bridges, tunnels, highways and other structures by the use of physical laws, mathematical equations and theories of mechanics.

2.     Define architecture.

The art and science of designing and erecting buildings

3.     Describe the origination of the concept of architecture?
Architecture use to be with civil engineering back in the time of the romens later on in history it be came seperet.

4.     In ancient times how were building materials chosen?

They were chosen by what was readly avalible.

5.     Give two examples of vernacular architecture.

Log cabins and the egption pyramids

6.     Name and describe the type of system used to create many early buildings.

Venachular archetecther was used meaning they used the resorses around them to build them.

7.     What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? Mexican pyramids?

Egyptian pyramids were used for dead royalty.  Mexican pyramids were used for religous purposes.

8.     What kind of construction method was used to build the Parthenon? Made a simple sketch to illustrate.

post and lentel

9.     What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?

need for openings in buildings that add structual integraty.

10. Explain how an arch is created.

An arch requires all of its elements to hold it together, raising the question of how an arch is constructed. One answer is to build a frame (historically, of wood) which exactly follows the form of the underside of the arch. This is known as a centre or centring. The voussoirs are laid on it until the arch is complete and self-supporting. For an arch higher than head height, scaffolding would in any case be required by the builders, so the scaffolding can be combined with the arch support.

11.  How is the vault used in civil engineering?

A vault is used to make a hallway of arches.

12.  Give an example of an arch and dome system.

An igloo uses both.

13.  Give an example of a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. How did this restrict construction in ancient times?

Steel I-Beams wernt avalible back then with steel I-Beams now we can create taller and larger stuctures.

14.  What was the purpose of the Roman aqueducts?

The purpose with the aqueducts was to deliver clean drinking water to the city.

15.  Compare ancient Greek roads to ancient Roman roads.

The roads have the same construction to them they are both made oiut of stone coble peaces.

16. Describe an ancient Roman bridge.

The bridges are made out of stone and had a lot of arches incorperated into the design.

17. How did building materials and methods change after the Romans?

Building materials went from useing alot of stone to useing more wood.

Conclusion

1.     Give an example of a modern pyramid not shown in the presentation. How does its function differ from that of the Egyptian pyramids? What do you think accounts for this difference?

2.     Give an example of a modern structure that uses an arch and dome system.

3.     What is the main purpose of modern roads? How is the cost of modern roadways defrayed?

About me

I'm a senior in high school, I work at outdoor concepts in the summer. I do wake board tournaments in the summer I placed 2nd in state of my division this year. I love the outdoors and love to spend as much time as I can on my boat. I like to go out west one day and snowboard the mountains out there. I want to go to college after high school and get a degree in mechanical engineering tech.