1. Define civil engineering.
Civil engineering is field of engineering sciences, related to design, construction and maintenance of buildings, dams, bridges, tunnels, highways and other structures by the use of physical laws, mathematical equations and theories of mechanics.
2. Define architecture.
The art and science of designing and erecting buildings
3. Describe the origination of the concept of architecture?
Architecture use to be with civil engineering back in the time of the romens later on in history it be came seperet.
Architecture use to be with civil engineering back in the time of the romens later on in history it be came seperet.
4. In ancient times how were building materials chosen?
They were chosen by what was readly avalible.
5. Give two examples of vernacular architecture.
Log cabins and the egption pyramids
6. Name and describe the type of system used to create many early buildings.
Venachular archetecther was used meaning they used the resorses around them to build them.
7. What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? Mexican pyramids?
Egyptian pyramids were used for dead royalty. Mexican pyramids were used for religous purposes.
8. What kind of construction method was used to build the Parthenon? Made a simple sketch to illustrate.
post and lentel
9. What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?
need for openings in buildings that add structual integraty.
10. Explain how an arch is created.
An arch requires all of its elements to hold it together, raising the question of how an arch is constructed. One answer is to build a frame (historically, of wood) which exactly follows the form of the underside of the arch. This is known as a centre or centring. The voussoirs are laid on it until the arch is complete and self-supporting. For an arch higher than head height, scaffolding would in any case be required by the builders, so the scaffolding can be combined with the arch support.
11. How is the vault used in civil engineering?
A vault is used to make a hallway of arches.
12. Give an example of an arch and dome system.
An igloo uses both.
13. Give an example of a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. How did this restrict construction in ancient times?
Steel I-Beams wernt avalible back then with steel I-Beams now we can create taller and larger stuctures.
14. What was the purpose of the Roman aqueducts?
The purpose with the aqueducts was to deliver clean drinking water to the city.
15. Compare ancient Greek roads to ancient Roman roads.
The roads have the same construction to them they are both made oiut of stone coble peaces.
16. Describe an ancient Roman bridge.
The bridges are made out of stone and had a lot of arches incorperated into the design.
17. How did building materials and methods change after the Romans?
Building materials went from useing alot of stone to useing more wood.
Conclusion
1. Give an example of a modern pyramid not shown in the presentation. How does its function differ from that of the Egyptian pyramids? What do you think accounts for this difference?
2. Give an example of a modern structure that uses an arch and dome system.
3. What is the main purpose of modern roads? How is the cost of modern roadways defrayed?
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